A link between the solar wind and the occurrence of large tornado outbreaks is found. The solar wind coupling to the Earth’s magnetic field deposits energy into the upper atmosphere at high latitudes. We consider the role of aurorally generated atmospheric gravity waves in the release of instabilities contributing to development of synoptic-scale weather conditions favoring formation of supercells in a strong wind shear environment and high tornado occurrence. 

Our study investigates how air pollution affects lower troposphere behavior. While the overall height of this layer did not change significantly under heavy pollution, we found a slight delay in the start of air movement and a rapid rise of warm air pockets. We also found out that absorbing aerosols warms the air despite blocking sunlight. For the layer height, no dominant effect was found. This research improves our understanding of how pollution influences atmospheric dynamics.

Efforts to meet the Paris climate goals are falling short. This letter proposes seven ways to boost public engagement and better decisions: clearer scientific reports, hopeful messages, countering false information, climate education, local action in workplaces, open and fair leadership, and focusing on adapting to climate change to also encourage cutting emissions. These strategies blend communication, policy, and community action for a stronger global climate response.

Measurements are crucial for understanding atmospheric processes, water cycles, and climate. This paper focuses on optical disdrometer measurements to study precipitation complexity at the surface, analyzing precipitation episodes in the Basque Country. Using 1-minute disdrometer data, key characteristics like duration, intensity, particle count, and rain amount are examined for episodes previously established through aggregation of minute data.