Born, L.: Recommendations for climate services good practice, CCAFS Working Paper no. 396, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Wageningen, the Netherlands,
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/116952 (last access: 19 August 2026), 2021.
Chagnaud, G., Panthou, G., Vischel, T., and Lebel, T.: A synthetic view of rainfall intensification in the West African Sahel, Environ. Res. Lett., 17, 044005, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac4a9c, 2022.
Daniels, E., Bharwani, S., and Butterfield, R.: The Tandem framework: a holistic approach to co-designing climate services, SEI Discussion Brief, Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, https://www.sei.org/publications/the-tandem-framework-a-holistic-approach-to-co-designing-climate-services/ (last access: 19 August 2026), 2019.
De Filippis, T., Rocchi, L., Massazza, G., Pezzoli, A., Rosso, M., Housseini Ibrahim, M., and Tarchiani, V.: Hydrological Web Services for Operational Flood Risk Monitoring and Forecasting at Local Scale in Niger, ISPRS Int. Geo-Inf., 11, 236, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11040236, 2022.
Diop, S. B., Tramblay, Y., Bodian, A., Ekolu, J., Rouché, N., and Dieppois, B.: Flood Frequency Analysis in West Africa, J. Flood Risk Manage., 18, e70001, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.70001, 2025.
Elagib, N. A., Zayed, I. S. A., Saad, S. A. G., Mahmood, M. I., Basheer, M., and Fink, A. H.: Debilitating floods in the Sahel are becoming frequent, J. Hydrol., 599, 126362, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126362, 2021.
Fiorillo, E., Crisci, A., Issa, H., Maracchi, G., Morabito, M., and Tarchiani, V.: Recent Changes of Floods and Related Impacts in Niger Based on the ANADIA Niger Flood Database, Climate, 6, 59, https://doi.org/10.3390/cli6030059, 2018.
Giuliani, G., Nativi, S., Obregon, A., Beniston, M., and Lehmann, A.: Spatially enabling the Global Framework for Climate Services: Reviewing geospatial solutions to efficiently share and integrate climate data & information, Climate Services, 8, 44–58, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2017.08.003, 2017.
Hewitt, C. D. and Stone, R.: Climate services for managing societal risks and opportunities, Climate Services, 23, 100240, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2021.100240, 2021.
Lemos, M. C., Kirchhoff, C. J., and Ramprasad, V.: Narrowing the climate information usability gap, Nat. Clim. Change, 2, 789–794, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1614, 2012.
Massazza, G., Tamagnone, P., Wilcox, C., Belcore, E., Pezzoli, A., Vischel, T., Panthou, G., Ibrahim, M. H., Tiepolo, M., Tarchiani, V., and Rosso, M.: Flood Hazard Scenarios of the Sirba River (Niger): Evaluation of the Hazard Thresholds and Flooding Areas, Water, 11, https://doi.org/10.3390/w11051018, 2019.
Massazza, G., Tarchiani, V., Andersson, J. C. M., Ali, A., Ibrahim, M. H., Pezzoli, A., De Filippis, T., Rocchi, L., Minoungou, B., Gustafsson, D., and Rosso, M.: Downscaling Regional Hydrological Forecast for Operational Use in Local Early Warning: HYPE Models in the Sirba River, Water, 12, https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123504, 2020.
Massazza, G., Bacci, M., Descroix, L., Ibrahim, M. H., Fiorillo, E., Katiellou, G. L., Panthou, G., Pezzoli, A., Rosso, M., Sauzedde, E., Terenziani, A., De Filippis, T., Rocchi, L., Burrone, S., Tiepolo, M., Vischel, T., and Tarchiani, V.: Recent Changes in Hydroclimatic Patterns over Medium Niger River Basins at the Origin of the 2020 Flood in Niamey (Niger), Water, 13, https://doi.org/10.3390/w13121659, 2021.
Meadow, A. M., Ferguson, D. B., Guido, Z., Horangic, A., Owen, G., and Wall, T.: Moving toward the Deliberate Coproduction of Climate Science Knowledge, Weather Clim. Soc., 7, 179–191, https://doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-14-00050.1, 2015.
Pahl-Wostl, C.: Water Governance in the Face of Global Change: From Understanding to Transformation, Water Governance – Concepts, Methods, and Practice, Springer International Publishing, Cham, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21855-7, 2015.
Pahl-Wostl, C.: The role of governance modes and meta-governance in the transformation towards sustainable water governance, Environ. Sci. Policy, 91, 6–16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.10.008, 2019.
Pahl-Wostl, C., Lebel, L., Knieper, C., and Nikitina, E.: From applying panaceas to mastering complexity: Toward adaptive water governance in river basins, Environ. Sci. Policy, 23, 24–34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2012.07.014, 2012.
Panthou, G., Lebel, T., Vischel, T., Quantin, G., Sane, Y., Ba, A., Ndiaye, O., Diongue-Niang, A., and Diopkane, M.: Rainfall intensification in tropical semi-arid regions: the Sahelian case, Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 064013, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aac334, 2018.
Passerotti, G., Massazza, G., Pezzoli, A., Bigi, V., Zsótér, E., and Rosso, M.: Hydrological Model Application in the Sirba River: Early Warning System and GloFAS Improvements, Water, 12, 620, https://doi.org/10.3390/w12030620, 2020.
Perego, A., Fugazza, C., Vaccari, L., Lutz, M., Smits, P., Kanellopoulos, I., and Schade, S.: Harmonization and Interoperability of EU Environmental Information and Services, IEEE Intelligent Systems, https://doi.org/10.1109/MIS.2012.22, 2012.
Sauzedde, E., Vischel, T., Panthou, G., Tarchiani, V., Massazza, G., and Housseini Ibrahim, M.: Compound-event analysis in non-stationary hydrological hazards: a case study of the Niger River in Niamey, Hydrol. Sci. J., 70, 406–421, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2024.2435534, 2025.
Schröter, K., Schweizer, P.-J., Gräler, B., Cumiskey, L., Bharwani, S., Parviainen, J., Kropf, C. M., Håkansson, V. W., Drews, M., Irvine, T., Dondi, C., Apel, H., Löhrlein, J., Hochrainer-Stigler, S., Bagli, S., Huszti, L., Genillard, C., Unguendoli, S., Hattermann, F., and Steinhausen, M.: Invited perspectives: Fostering interoperability of data, models, communication, and governance for disaster resilience through transdisciplinary knowledge co-production, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3055–3073, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-3055-2025, 2025.
Steynor, A., Lee, J., and Davison, A.: Transdisciplinary co-production of climate services: a focus on process, Soc. Dynamics, 46, 414–433, https://doi.org/10.1080/02533952.2020.1853961, 2020.
Street, R. B.: Towards a leading role on climate services in Europe: A research and innovation roadmap, Climate Services, 1, 2–5, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2015.12.001, 2016.
Street, R. B., Buontempo, C., Mysiak, J., Karali, E., Pulquério, M., Murray, V., and Swart, R.: How could climate services support disaster risk reduction in the 21st century, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 34, 28–33, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.12.001, 2019.
Tangam, I. S., Yonaba, R., Ibrahim, B., Adamou, M. M., and Karambiri, H.: Hydrological drivers of flooding in Niamey (Niger): the role of the Sirba River, Environ. Res. Commun., 7, 015029, https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/adaac9, 2025.
Tarchiani, V. and Bacci, M.: The added value of the process in climate services co-production: Lessons from Niger, Climate Services, 33, 100435, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2023.100435, 2024.
Tarchiani, V., Massazza, G., Rosso, M., Tiepolo, M., Pezzoli, A., Ibrahim, M. H., Katiellou, G. L., Tamagnone, P., De Filippis, T., Rocchi, L., Marchi, V., and Rapisardi, E.: Community and Impact Based Early Warning System for Flood Risk Preparedness: The Experience of the Sirba River in Niger, Sustainability, 12, https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051802, 2020.
Tarchiani, V., Pasi, F., Bere, R. T., Sayri, Y. A., Gozzini, B., and Capecchi, V.: From training to transformation: co-producing sustainable early warning competence in West Africa, Climate Services, 42, 100659, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2026.100659, 2026.
Tarhule, A.: Damaging Rainfall and Flooding: The Other Sahel Hazards, Clim. Change, 72, 355–377, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6792-4, 2005.
Tiepolo, M., Rosso, M., Massazza, G., Belcore, E., Issa, S., and Braccio, S.: Flood Assessment for Risk-Informed Planning along the Sirba River, Niger, Sustainability, 11, 4003, https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154003, 2019.
Tiepolo, M., Braccio, S., Fiorillo, E., Galligari, A., Katiellou, G. L., Massazza, G., and Tarchiani, V.: Participatory risk assessment of pluvial floods in four towns of Niger, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 84, 103454, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103454, 2023.
Tiepolo, M., Abraiz, M., Bacci, M., Baoua, O., Belcore, E., Cannella, G., Fiorillo, E., Ganora, D., Housseini, M. I., Katiellou, G. L., Piras, M., Saretto, F., and Tarchiani, V.: Flood Damage Risk Mapping Along the River 75 Niger: Ten Benefits of a Participated Approach, Climate, 13, 80, https://doi.org/10.3390/cli13040080, 2025.
Tiepolo, M., Housseini, M. I., Cannella, G., Katiellou, G. L., Ganora, D., Marmolejo Gutierrez, A., Saretto F., Tarchiani, V., and Vesipa, R.: The contribution of fine-grained exposure to flood risk assessment along the Niger River, Nat. Hazards, 122, 554, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-026-08308-1, 2026.
UNISDR: 2009 UNISDR terminology on disaster risk reduction, UNDRR,
https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3967528?v=pdf (last access: 19 August 2026), 2009.
Vaughan, C. and Dessai, S.: Climate services for society: origins, institutional arrangements, and design elements for an evaluation framework, WIREs Clim. Change, 5, 587–603, https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.290, 2014.
Vincent, K., Daly, M., Scannell, C., and Leathes, B.: What can climate services learn from theory and practice of co-production?, Climate Services, 12, 48–58, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2018.11.001, 2018.
Vincent, K., Carter, S., Steynor, A., Visman, E., and Wågsæther, K. L.: Addressing power imbalances in co-production, Nat. Clim. Chang., 10, 877–878, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00910-w, 2020.
Vincent, K., Steynor, A., McClure, A., Visman, E., Waagsaether, K. L., Carter, S., and Mittal, N.: Co-production: Learning from Contexts, in: Climate Risk in Africa: Adaptation and Resilience, edited by: Conway, D. and Vincent, K., Springer International Publishing, Cham, 37–56, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61160-6_3, 2021.
Visman, E., Vincent, K., Steynor, A., Karani, I., and Mwangi, E.: Defining metrics for monitoring and evaluating the impact of co-production in climate services, Climate Services, 26, 100297, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2022.100297, 2022.
Wilcox, C., Vischel, T., Panthou, G., Bodian, A., Blanchet, J., Descroix, L., Quantin, G., Cassé, C., Tanimoun, B., and Kone, S.: Trends in hydrological extremes in the Senegal and Niger Rivers, J. Hydrol., 566, 531–545, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.07.063, 2018.
WMO: EARLY WARNINGS FOR ALL, WMO, Geneva, Switzerland,
https://library.wmo.int/records/item/58209-early-warnings-for-all (last access: 19 August 2026), 2022.
WMO: Italian-African cooperation to strengthen early warnings in the Sahel,
https://wmo.int/media/news-from-members/italian-african-cooperation-strengthen-early-warnings-sahel (last access: 8 July 2026), 2025.
