European Environment Agency: Phenology of plant and animal species.,
available at:
https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/plant-phenology-2/assessment (last access: 1 April 2021),
2017.
Fujisawa, M. and Kobayashi, K.: Apple (Malus pumila var. domestica)
phenology is advancing due to rising air temperature in northern Japan,
Glob. Change Biol., 16, 2651–2660,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02126.x, 2010.
Kalvāne, G.: Phenological changes and their influencing factors [Fenoloìiskās izmaiòas un ietekmējošie faktori],
Latvijas Universitātes Akadēmiskais apgāds, Rīga, 2011 (in
Latvian).
Kalvāne, G. and Kalvāns, A.: Phenological trends of multi-taxonomic
groups in Latvia, 1970–2018, Int. J. Biometeorol., 65, 895–904,
doi.org/10.1007/s00484-020-02068-8, 2021.
Kalvāns, A., Bitāne, M., and Kalvāne, G.: Forecasting plant
phenology evaluating the phenological models for Betula pendula and Padus
racemosa spring phases, Latvia, Int. J. Biometeorol., 59, 165–179, 2015.
Kondratenko, T. Ye., and Kondratenko, P. V.: Phenology of apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) in Kyiv Oblast in the context of climate change, Plant Varieties Studying and Protection, 1–2, 49–53, https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.1-2(26-27).2015.55911, 2015 (in Ukrainian).
Legave, J. M., Farrera, I., Almeras, T., and Calleja, M.: Selecting models of
apple flowering time and understanding how global warming has had an impact
on this trait, J. Hortic. Sci. Biotech., 83, 76–84,
https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2008.11512350, 2008.
Legave, J. M., Guédon, Y., Malagi, G., El Yaacoubi, A., and Bonhomme, M.:
Differentiated responses of apple tree floral phenology to global warming in
contrasting climatic regions, Front. Plant Sci., 6, 1054,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.01054, 2015.
Menzel, A., Yuan, Y., Matiu, M., Sparks, T., Scheifinger, H., Gehrig, R., and
Estrella, N.: Climate change fingerprints in recent European plant
phenology, Glob. Change Biol., 26, 2599–2612, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15000,
2020.
Miller-Rushing, A. J., Katsuki, T., Primack, R. B., Ishii, Y., Sang, D. L.,
and Higuchi, H.: Impact of global warming on a group of related species and
their hybrids: Cherry tree (Rosaceae) flowering at Mt. Takao, Japan, Am. J.
Bot., 94, 1470–1478, https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.94.9.1470, 2007.
Muñoz Sabater, J.: ERA5-Land hourly data from 1981 to present, Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS), https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.e2161bac, 2019.
Oses, N., Azpiroz, I., Marchi, S., Guidotti, D., Quartulli, M., and Olaizola,
I. G.: Analysis of Copernicus' ERA5 climate reanalysis data as a replacement
for weather station temperature measurements in machine learning models for
olive phenology phase prediction, Sensors, 20, 1–22,
https://doi.org/10.3390/s20216381, 2020.
R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing, available at:
https://www.R-project.org/ (last access: 13 June 2021), 2020.
Rivero, R., Sønsteby, A., Heide, O. M., Måge, F., and Remberg, S. F.:
Flowering phenology and the interrelations between phenological stages in
apple trees (
Malus domestica Borkh.) as influenced by the Nordic climate,
Acta Agr. Scand. B-S. P., 67, 292–302,
https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2016.1267256, 2017.
Romanovskaja, D. and Bakšienė, E.: The Influence of Climate Change on Plant Phenological Phases in Lithuania, Vilnius University Proceedings, 100, p. 25. https://doi.org/10.15388/Klimatokaita.2020.17, 2020.
Stöckli, R., Rutishauser, T., Baker, I., Liniger, M. A., and Denning, A.
S.: A global reanalysis of vegetation phenology, J. Geophys. Res., 116, G03020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JG001545, 2011.
Wang, C., Tang, Y., and Chen, J.: Plant phenological synchrony increases
under rapid within-spring warming, Sci. Rep.-UK, 6, 25460, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep25460,
2016.
Woznicki, T. L., Heide, O. M., Sønsteby, A., Måge, F., and Remberg, S.
F.: Climate warming enhances flower formation, earliness of blooming and
fruit size in plum (
Prunus domestica L.) in the cool Nordic environment,
Sci. Hortic., 257, 108750,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108750, 2019.
Xiang, Y., Gubian, S., Suomela, B., and Hoeng, J.: Generalized simulated
annealing for global optimization: the GenSA Package, R J., 5, 13–28,
2013.
