A climatological assessment of balancing effects and shortfall risks of photovoltaics and wind energy in Germany and Europe
Deutscher Wetterdienst, National Climate Monitoring, Frankfurter Str. 135,
63067 Offenbach, Germany
Michael Borsche
Deutscher Wetterdienst, National Climate Monitoring, Frankfurter Str. 135,
63067 Offenbach, Germany
Uwe Pfeifroth
Deutscher Wetterdienst, Satellite-based Climate Monitoring, Frankfurter Str.
135, 63067 Offenbach, Germany
Jörg Trentmann
Deutscher Wetterdienst, Satellite-based Climate Monitoring, Frankfurter Str.
135, 63067 Offenbach, Germany
Jaqueline Drücke
Deutscher Wetterdienst, Satellite-based Climate Monitoring, Frankfurter Str.
135, 63067 Offenbach, Germany
University of Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental
Sciences, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
Paul Becker
Deutscher Wetterdienst, Climate and Environment, Frankfurter Str. 135, 63067
Offenbach, Germany
now at: Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy, Richard-Strauss-Allee
11, 60598 Frankfurt, Germany
Related authors
Johannes Meuer, Laurens M. Bouwer, Frank Kaspar, Roman Lehmann, Wolfgang Karl, Thomas Ludwig, and Christopher Kadow
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1392, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1392, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study focuses on filling in missing precipitation data using an advanced neural network model. Traditional methods for estimating missing climate information often struggle in large regions where data is scarce. Our solution, which incorporates recent advances in machine learning, captures the intricate patterns of precipitation over time, especially during extreme weather events. Our model shows good performance in reconstructing large regions of missing rainfall radar data.
Abhay Devasthale, Sandra Andersson, Erik Engström, Frank Kaspar, Jörg Trentmann, Anke Duguay-Tetzlaff, Jan Fokke Meirink, Erik Kjellström, Tomas Landelius, Manu Anna Thomas, and Karl-Göran Karlsson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1805, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1805, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using the satellite-based climate data record CLARA-A3 spanning 1982–2020 and ERA5 reanalysis, we present climate regimes that are favourable or unfavourable for solar energy applications. We show that the favourable climate regimes are emerging over much of Europe during spring and early summer for solar energy exploitation.
Thomas Spangehl, Michael Borsche, Deborah Niermann, Frank Kaspar, Semjon Schimanke, Susanne Brienen, Thomas Möller, and Maren Brast
Adv. Sci. Res., 20, 109–128, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-20-109-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-20-109-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The quality of the global reanalysis ERA5, the regional reanalysis COSMO-REA6 and a successor version (R6G2), the new Copernicus European Regional Re-Analysis (CERRA) and a regional downscaling simulation with COSMO-CLM (HoKliSim-De) is assessed for offshore wind farm planning in the German Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the North Sea. The quality is assessed using in-situ wind measurements at the research platform FINO1 and satellite-based data of the near-surface wind speed as reference.
Katharina Lengfeld, Paul Voit, Frank Kaspar, and Maik Heistermann
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1227–1232, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1227-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1227-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Estimating the severity of a rainfall event based on the damage caused is easy but highly depends on the affected region. A less biased measure for the extremeness of an event is its rarity combined with its spatial extent. In this brief communication, we investigate the sensitivity of such measures to the underlying dataset and highlight the importance of considering multiple spatial and temporal scales using the devastating rainfall event in July 2021 in central Europe as an example.
Alberto Caldas-Alvarez, Markus Augenstein, Georgy Ayzel, Klemens Barfus, Ribu Cherian, Lisa Dillenardt, Felix Fauer, Hendrik Feldmann, Maik Heistermann, Alexia Karwat, Frank Kaspar, Heidi Kreibich, Etor Emanuel Lucio-Eceiza, Edmund P. Meredith, Susanna Mohr, Deborah Niermann, Stephan Pfahl, Florian Ruff, Henning W. Rust, Lukas Schoppa, Thomas Schwitalla, Stella Steidl, Annegret H. Thieken, Jordis S. Tradowsky, Volker Wulfmeyer, and Johannes Quaas
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3701–3724, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3701-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3701-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In a warming climate, extreme precipitation events are becoming more frequent. To advance our knowledge on such phenomena, we present a multidisciplinary analysis of a selected case study that took place on 29 June 2017 in the Berlin metropolitan area. Our analysis provides evidence of the extremeness of the case from the atmospheric and the impacts perspectives as well as new insights on the physical mechanisms of the event at the meteorological and climate scales.
Christopher W. Frank, Frank Kaspar, Jan D. Keller, Till Adams, Miriam Felkers, Bernd Fischer, Marcus Handte, Pedro José Marrón, Hinrich Paulsen, Markus Neteler, Jochen Schiewe, Marvin Schuchert, Christian Nickel, Richard Wacker, and Richard Figura
Adv. Sci. Res., 17, 183–190, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-17-183-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-17-183-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Access to high quality weather and climate data is crucial for a wide range of societal and economic issues. It allows optimising industrial processes with respect to efficiency. The goal of the research project FAIR is to simplify the information exchange between the DWD and economical players. This paper summarizes the results of the requirement analysis of three use cases and presents the deduced technical architecture and FAIR services aiming at a user-friendly exchange of weather data.
Frank Kaspar, Deborah Niermann, Michael Borsche, Stephanie Fiedler, Jan Keller, Roland Potthast, Thomas Rösch, Thomas Spangehl, and Birger Tinz
Adv. Sci. Res., 17, 115–128, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-17-115-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-17-115-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Reanalyses are long-term meteorological datasets that are based on numerical weather prediction models and the assimilation of historic observations. The regional model COSMO of Germany’s national meteorological service (Deutscher Wetterdienst) has been used to develop regional reanalyses with spatial resolution of up to 2 km. In this paper, we provide an overview of evaluation results and application examples at the European and national German level with a focus on renewable energy.
Lisa Hannak, Karsten Friedrich, Florian Imbery, and Frank Kaspar
Adv. Sci. Res., 16, 175–183, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-16-175-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-16-175-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In order to analyze the impact on long time series by the transition from manual to automatic sunshine duration devices, parallel measurements of German climate reference stations are used. The different measurement principles (glass sphere and photodiode) cause systematic differences between the observations. With a linear regression model (used to adjust the automatic measurements) we want to prevent breaks in long time series of daily sunshine duration.
Frank Kaspar, Frank Kratzenstein, and Andrea K. Kaiser-Weiss
Adv. Sci. Res., 16, 75–83, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-16-75-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-16-75-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
During recent years, Germany’s national meteorological service has significantly expanded the open access to its climate observations. To improve the interactive and user-friendly access to the data, a new data portal has been developed. The portal serves a variety of user requirements that result from the broad range of applications of DWD’s climate data. The focus of the recent developments was on improved access to German station data.
Kai-Uwe Eiselt, Frank Kaspar, Thomas Mölg, Stefan Krähenmann, Rafael Posada, and Jens O. Riede
Adv. Sci. Res., 14, 163–173, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-14-163-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-14-163-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
As one element of the SASSCAL initiative (a cooperation of Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, South Africa and Germany) networks of automatic weather stations have been installed or improved in Southern Africa. Here we compare interpolation methods for monthly minimum and maximum temperatures which were calculated from hourly measurements. The best interpolation results have been achieved combining multiple linear regression with three dimensional inverse distance weighted interpolation.
Frank Kaspar, Lisa Hannak, and Klaus-Jürgen Schreiber
Adv. Sci. Res., 13, 163–171, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-13-163-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-13-163-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Germany's national meteorological service (DWD) operates a network of so-called climate reference stations. At these stations parallel measurements are performed in order to allow the comparison of manual and automatic observations. We present an analysis of parallel measurements of temperature at 2 m height. It is shown that the automation of stations did not cause an artificial increase in the series of daily mean temperature. A bias occurs for maximum temperature in specific configurations.
Michael Borsche, Andrea K. Kaiser-Weiss, and Frank Kaspar
Adv. Sci. Res., 13, 151–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-13-151-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-13-151-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Wind speeds derived from the regional reanalysis COSMO-REA6 and from two global reanalyses of ECMWF (ERA-Interim and ERA-20C) have been compared to tower measurements covering heights from 10 m up to 140 m, located in the North Sea, in The Netherlands, and in Northeast Germany. In general, the monthly and hourly mean values of COSMO-REA6 are at least as close to the measurements as the global reanalyses, and in the correlation of daily means an added value of COSMO-REA6 is found.
Rafael Posada, Domingos Nascimento, Francisco Osvaldo S. Neto, Jens Riede, and Frank Kaspar
Adv. Sci. Res., 13, 97–105, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-13-97-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-13-97-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
To respond to the challenges of climate change, Angola, Botswana, Germany, Namibia, South Africa and Zambia have initiated the regional competence centre SASSCAL. As part of the initiative, Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) cooperates with the meteorological services of Angola, Botswana and Zambia to improve the management of climate data. First results of the cooperation between DWD and the Angolan Meteorological Services (INAMET) are presented in order to provide hints for comparable activities.
M. Borsche, A. K. Kaiser-Weiss, P. Undén, and F. Kaspar
Adv. Sci. Res., 12, 207–218, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-207-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-207-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Within the European Union’s seventh Framework Programme project Uncertainties in Ensembles of Regional Re-Analyses (UERRA), ensembles of RRAs covering the European area are produced and their uncertainties are quantified. In this study, we discuss different methods for quantifying the uncertainty of RRAs in order to answer the question to which extent the smaller scale information (or resulting statistics) provided by the RRAs can be relied on.
A. K. Kaiser-Weiss, F. Kaspar, V. Heene, M. Borsche, D. G. H. Tan, P. Poli, A. Obregon, and H. Gregow
Adv. Sci. Res., 12, 187–198, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-187-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-187-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Wind speed measured at the German stations correlate well with reanalysis fields. Monthly means from two global reanalyses (ERA-20C, ERA-Interim) and one regional reanalysis (COSMO-REA6) were analysed and correlate well for the majority of the German stations. Thus we conclude that the monthly and seasonal anomalies recorded at these stations can be understood as representative for a spatial area comparable to the resolution of the reanalyses, at least for the recent years.
F. Kaspar, J. Helmschrot, A. Mhanda, M. Butale, W. de Clercq, J. K. Kanyanga, F. O. S. Neto, S. Kruger, M. Castro Matsheka, G. Muche, T. Hillmann, K. Josenhans, R. Posada, J. Riede, M. Seely, C. Ribeiro, P. Kenabatho, R. Vogt, and N. Jürgens
Adv. Sci. Res., 12, 171–177, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-171-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-171-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
One task of the “Southern African Science Service Centre for Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management” (www.sasscal.org) is the provision of climate data for Southern Africa. Extension and improvements of observational networks in Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and South Africa are supported. This effort is complemented by an improvement of climate data management at national weather authorities, capacity building activities and an extension of the data bases with historical climate data.
H. Gregow, P. Poli, H. M. Mäkelä, K. Jylhä, A. K. Kaiser-Weiss, A. Obregon, D. G. H. Tan, S. Kekki, and F. Kaspar
Adv. Sci. Res., 12, 63–67, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-63-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-63-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Many users of climate information are unaware of the availability of reanalysis feedback data and input observations, and uptake of feedback data is rather low. The most important factors limiting the use of this data is that the users feel that there is no easy interface to get the data or they do not find it at all. The relevant communities should invest resources to develop tools and provide training to bridge the gap between current capabilities and comprehensive exploitation of the data.
F. Kaspar, B. Tinz, H. Mächel, and L. Gates
Adv. Sci. Res., 12, 57–61, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-57-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-57-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Germany’s national meteorological service (Deutscher Wetterdienst, DWD) houses in Offenbach and Hamburg huge archives of historical handwritten journals of weather observations. They comprise not only observations from Germany, but also of the oceans and land stations in many parts of the world. DWD works on the digitisation and quality control of these archives. The paper presents the current status.
F. Kaspar, K. Zimmermann, and C. Polte-Rudolf
Adv. Sci. Res., 11, 93–99, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-11-93-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-11-93-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
Plant phenology is the study of periodically recurring patterns of growth and development of plants during the year. First plant phenological observations have been performed in Germany already in the 18th century. Today, Germany’s national meteorological service (Deutscher Wetterdienst, DWD) maintains a dense phenological observation network and a database with phenological observations.
F. Kaspar, G. Müller-Westermeier, E. Penda, H. Mächel, K. Zimmermann, A. Kaiser-Weiss, and T. Deutschländer
Adv. Sci. Res., 10, 99–106, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-10-99-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-10-99-2013, 2013
K.-G. Karlsson, A. Riihelä, R. Müller, J. F. Meirink, J. Sedlar, M. Stengel, M. Lockhoff, J. Trentmann, F. Kaspar, R. Hollmann, and E. Wolters
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5351–5367, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5351-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5351-2013, 2013
A. Riihelä, T. Manninen, V. Laine, K. Andersson, and F. Kaspar
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3743–3762, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3743-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3743-2013, 2013
Uwe Pfeifroth, Jaqueline Drücke, Steffen Kothe, Jörg Trentmann, Marc Schröder, and Rainer Hollmann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5243–5265, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5243-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5243-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The energy reaching Earth's surface from the Sun is a quantity of great importance for the climate system and for many applications. SARAH-3 is a satellite-based climate data record of surface solar radiation parameters. It is generated and distributed by the EUMETSAT Climate Monitoring Satellite Application Facility (CM SAF). SARAH-3 covers more than 4 decades and provides a high spatial and temporal resolution, and its validation shows good accuracy and stability.
Johannes Meuer, Laurens M. Bouwer, Frank Kaspar, Roman Lehmann, Wolfgang Karl, Thomas Ludwig, and Christopher Kadow
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1392, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1392, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study focuses on filling in missing precipitation data using an advanced neural network model. Traditional methods for estimating missing climate information often struggle in large regions where data is scarce. Our solution, which incorporates recent advances in machine learning, captures the intricate patterns of precipitation over time, especially during extreme weather events. Our model shows good performance in reconstructing large regions of missing rainfall radar data.
Abhay Devasthale, Sandra Andersson, Erik Engström, Frank Kaspar, Jörg Trentmann, Anke Duguay-Tetzlaff, Jan Fokke Meirink, Erik Kjellström, Tomas Landelius, Manu Anna Thomas, and Karl-Göran Karlsson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1805, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1805, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using the satellite-based climate data record CLARA-A3 spanning 1982–2020 and ERA5 reanalysis, we present climate regimes that are favourable or unfavourable for solar energy applications. We show that the favourable climate regimes are emerging over much of Europe during spring and early summer for solar energy exploitation.
Thomas Spangehl, Michael Borsche, Deborah Niermann, Frank Kaspar, Semjon Schimanke, Susanne Brienen, Thomas Möller, and Maren Brast
Adv. Sci. Res., 20, 109–128, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-20-109-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-20-109-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The quality of the global reanalysis ERA5, the regional reanalysis COSMO-REA6 and a successor version (R6G2), the new Copernicus European Regional Re-Analysis (CERRA) and a regional downscaling simulation with COSMO-CLM (HoKliSim-De) is assessed for offshore wind farm planning in the German Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the North Sea. The quality is assessed using in-situ wind measurements at the research platform FINO1 and satellite-based data of the near-surface wind speed as reference.
Karl-Göran Karlsson, Martin Stengel, Jan Fokke Meirink, Aku Riihelä, Jörg Trentmann, Tom Akkermans, Diana Stein, Abhay Devasthale, Salomon Eliasson, Erik Johansson, Nina Håkansson, Irina Solodovnik, Nikos Benas, Nicolas Clerbaux, Nathalie Selbach, Marc Schröder, and Rainer Hollmann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4901–4926, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4901-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4901-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a global climate data record on cloud parameters, radiation at the surface and at the top of atmosphere, and surface albedo. The temporal coverage is 1979–2020 (42 years) and the data record is also continuously updated until present time. Thus, more than four decades of climate parameters are provided. Based on CLARA-A3, studies on distribution of clouds and radiation parameters can be made and, especially, investigations of climate trends and evaluation of climate models.
Katharina Lengfeld, Paul Voit, Frank Kaspar, and Maik Heistermann
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1227–1232, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1227-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1227-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Estimating the severity of a rainfall event based on the damage caused is easy but highly depends on the affected region. A less biased measure for the extremeness of an event is its rarity combined with its spatial extent. In this brief communication, we investigate the sensitivity of such measures to the underlying dataset and highlight the importance of considering multiple spatial and temporal scales using the devastating rainfall event in July 2021 in central Europe as an example.
Alberto Caldas-Alvarez, Markus Augenstein, Georgy Ayzel, Klemens Barfus, Ribu Cherian, Lisa Dillenardt, Felix Fauer, Hendrik Feldmann, Maik Heistermann, Alexia Karwat, Frank Kaspar, Heidi Kreibich, Etor Emanuel Lucio-Eceiza, Edmund P. Meredith, Susanna Mohr, Deborah Niermann, Stephan Pfahl, Florian Ruff, Henning W. Rust, Lukas Schoppa, Thomas Schwitalla, Stella Steidl, Annegret H. Thieken, Jordis S. Tradowsky, Volker Wulfmeyer, and Johannes Quaas
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3701–3724, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3701-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3701-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In a warming climate, extreme precipitation events are becoming more frequent. To advance our knowledge on such phenomena, we present a multidisciplinary analysis of a selected case study that took place on 29 June 2017 in the Berlin metropolitan area. Our analysis provides evidence of the extremeness of the case from the atmospheric and the impacts perspectives as well as new insights on the physical mechanisms of the event at the meteorological and climate scales.
Richard Müller and Uwe Pfeifroth
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 1537–1561, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1537-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1537-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The great works of physics teach us that a central paradigm of science should be to make methods and theories as easy as possible and as complex as needed. This paper provides a brief review of remote sensing of solar surface irradiance based on this paradigm.
Ina Neher, Susanne Crewell, Stefanie Meilinger, Uwe Pfeifroth, and Jörg Trentmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12871–12888, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12871-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12871-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Photovoltaic power is one current option to meet the rising energy demand with low environmental impact. Global horizontal irradiance (GHI) is the fuel for photovoltaic power installations and needs to be evaluated to plan and dimension power plants. In this study, 35 years of satellite-based GHI data are analyzed over West Africa to determine their impact on photovoltaic power generation. The major challenges for the development of a solar-based power system in West Africa are then outlined.
Christopher W. Frank, Frank Kaspar, Jan D. Keller, Till Adams, Miriam Felkers, Bernd Fischer, Marcus Handte, Pedro José Marrón, Hinrich Paulsen, Markus Neteler, Jochen Schiewe, Marvin Schuchert, Christian Nickel, Richard Wacker, and Richard Figura
Adv. Sci. Res., 17, 183–190, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-17-183-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-17-183-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Access to high quality weather and climate data is crucial for a wide range of societal and economic issues. It allows optimising industrial processes with respect to efficiency. The goal of the research project FAIR is to simplify the information exchange between the DWD and economical players. This paper summarizes the results of the requirement analysis of three use cases and presents the deduced technical architecture and FAIR services aiming at a user-friendly exchange of weather data.
Frank Kaspar, Deborah Niermann, Michael Borsche, Stephanie Fiedler, Jan Keller, Roland Potthast, Thomas Rösch, Thomas Spangehl, and Birger Tinz
Adv. Sci. Res., 17, 115–128, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-17-115-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-17-115-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Reanalyses are long-term meteorological datasets that are based on numerical weather prediction models and the assimilation of historic observations. The regional model COSMO of Germany’s national meteorological service (Deutscher Wetterdienst) has been used to develop regional reanalyses with spatial resolution of up to 2 km. In this paper, we provide an overview of evaluation results and application examples at the European and national German level with a focus on renewable energy.
Lisa Hannak, Karsten Friedrich, Florian Imbery, and Frank Kaspar
Adv. Sci. Res., 16, 175–183, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-16-175-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-16-175-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In order to analyze the impact on long time series by the transition from manual to automatic sunshine duration devices, parallel measurements of German climate reference stations are used. The different measurement principles (glass sphere and photodiode) cause systematic differences between the observations. With a linear regression model (used to adjust the automatic measurements) we want to prevent breaks in long time series of daily sunshine duration.
Frank Kaspar, Frank Kratzenstein, and Andrea K. Kaiser-Weiss
Adv. Sci. Res., 16, 75–83, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-16-75-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-16-75-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
During recent years, Germany’s national meteorological service has significantly expanded the open access to its climate observations. To improve the interactive and user-friendly access to the data, a new data portal has been developed. The portal serves a variety of user requirements that result from the broad range of applications of DWD’s climate data. The focus of the recent developments was on improved access to German station data.
Mélodie Trolliet, Jakub P. Walawender, Bernard Bourlès, Alexandre Boilley, Jörg Trentmann, Philippe Blanc, Mireille Lefèvre, and Lucien Wald
Ocean Sci., 14, 1021–1056, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1021-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1021-2018, 2018
Uwe Pfeifroth, Jedrzej S. Bojanowski, Nicolas Clerbaux, Veronica Manara, Arturo Sanchez-Lorenzo, Jörg Trentmann, Jakub P. Walawender, and Rainer Hollmann
Adv. Sci. Res., 15, 31–37, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-15-31-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-15-31-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Measuring solar radiation and analysing its interaction with clouds are essential for the understanding of the climate system. Trends in EUMETSAT CM SAF satellite-based climate data records of solar radiation and clouds are analysed during 1992–2015 in Europe. More surface solar radiation and less top-of-atmosphere reflected radiation and cloud cover is found. This study indicates that one of the main reasons for the positive trend in surface solar radiation is a decrease in cloud cover.
Kai-Uwe Eiselt, Frank Kaspar, Thomas Mölg, Stefan Krähenmann, Rafael Posada, and Jens O. Riede
Adv. Sci. Res., 14, 163–173, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-14-163-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-14-163-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
As one element of the SASSCAL initiative (a cooperation of Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, South Africa and Germany) networks of automatic weather stations have been installed or improved in Southern Africa. Here we compare interpolation methods for monthly minimum and maximum temperatures which were calculated from hourly measurements. The best interpolation results have been achieved combining multiple linear regression with three dimensional inverse distance weighted interpolation.
Karl-Göran Karlsson, Kati Anttila, Jörg Trentmann, Martin Stengel, Jan Fokke Meirink, Abhay Devasthale, Timo Hanschmann, Steffen Kothe, Emmihenna Jääskeläinen, Joseph Sedlar, Nikos Benas, Gerd-Jan van Zadelhoff, Cornelia Schlundt, Diana Stein, Stefan Finkensieper, Nina Håkansson, and Rainer Hollmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 5809–5828, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5809-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5809-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents the second version of a global climate data record based on satellite measurements from polar orbiting weather satellites. It describes the global evolution of cloudiness, surface albedo and surface radiation during the time period 1982–2015. The main improvements of algorithms are described together with some validation results. In addition, some early analysis is presented of some particularly interesting climate features (Arctic albedo and cloudiness + global cloudiness).
Frank Kaspar, Lisa Hannak, and Klaus-Jürgen Schreiber
Adv. Sci. Res., 13, 163–171, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-13-163-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-13-163-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Germany's national meteorological service (DWD) operates a network of so-called climate reference stations. At these stations parallel measurements are performed in order to allow the comparison of manual and automatic observations. We present an analysis of parallel measurements of temperature at 2 m height. It is shown that the automation of stations did not cause an artificial increase in the series of daily mean temperature. A bias occurs for maximum temperature in specific configurations.
Michael Borsche, Andrea K. Kaiser-Weiss, and Frank Kaspar
Adv. Sci. Res., 13, 151–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-13-151-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-13-151-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Wind speeds derived from the regional reanalysis COSMO-REA6 and from two global reanalyses of ECMWF (ERA-Interim and ERA-20C) have been compared to tower measurements covering heights from 10 m up to 140 m, located in the North Sea, in The Netherlands, and in Northeast Germany. In general, the monthly and hourly mean values of COSMO-REA6 are at least as close to the measurements as the global reanalyses, and in the correlation of daily means an added value of COSMO-REA6 is found.
Alexander Loew, Jian Peng, and Michael Borsche
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 2499–2532, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2499-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2499-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Surface water and energy fluxes are essential components of the Earth system. The present paper introduces a new framework for the estimation of surface energy and water fluxes at the land surface, which allows for temporally and spatially high resolved flux estimates at the global scale. The framework maximizes the usage of existing long-term satellite data records. Overall the results indicate very good agreement with in situ observations when compared against 49 FLUXNET stations worldwide.
Rafael Posada, Domingos Nascimento, Francisco Osvaldo S. Neto, Jens Riede, and Frank Kaspar
Adv. Sci. Res., 13, 97–105, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-13-97-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-13-97-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
To respond to the challenges of climate change, Angola, Botswana, Germany, Namibia, South Africa and Zambia have initiated the regional competence centre SASSCAL. As part of the initiative, Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) cooperates with the meteorological services of Angola, Botswana and Zambia to improve the management of climate data. First results of the cooperation between DWD and the Angolan Meteorological Services (INAMET) are presented in order to provide hints for comparable activities.
M. Borsche, A. K. Kaiser-Weiss, P. Undén, and F. Kaspar
Adv. Sci. Res., 12, 207–218, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-207-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-207-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Within the European Union’s seventh Framework Programme project Uncertainties in Ensembles of Regional Re-Analyses (UERRA), ensembles of RRAs covering the European area are produced and their uncertainties are quantified. In this study, we discuss different methods for quantifying the uncertainty of RRAs in order to answer the question to which extent the smaller scale information (or resulting statistics) provided by the RRAs can be relied on.
D. Chang, Y. Cheng, P. Reutter, J. Trentmann, S. M. Burrows, P. Spichtinger, S. Nordmann, M. O. Andreae, U. Pöschl, and H. Su
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10325–10348, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10325-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10325-2015, 2015
A. K. Kaiser-Weiss, F. Kaspar, V. Heene, M. Borsche, D. G. H. Tan, P. Poli, A. Obregon, and H. Gregow
Adv. Sci. Res., 12, 187–198, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-187-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-187-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Wind speed measured at the German stations correlate well with reanalysis fields. Monthly means from two global reanalyses (ERA-20C, ERA-Interim) and one regional reanalysis (COSMO-REA6) were analysed and correlate well for the majority of the German stations. Thus we conclude that the monthly and seasonal anomalies recorded at these stations can be understood as representative for a spatial area comparable to the resolution of the reanalyses, at least for the recent years.
F. Kaspar, J. Helmschrot, A. Mhanda, M. Butale, W. de Clercq, J. K. Kanyanga, F. O. S. Neto, S. Kruger, M. Castro Matsheka, G. Muche, T. Hillmann, K. Josenhans, R. Posada, J. Riede, M. Seely, C. Ribeiro, P. Kenabatho, R. Vogt, and N. Jürgens
Adv. Sci. Res., 12, 171–177, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-171-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-171-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
One task of the “Southern African Science Service Centre for Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management” (www.sasscal.org) is the provision of climate data for Southern Africa. Extension and improvements of observational networks in Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and South Africa are supported. This effort is complemented by an improvement of climate data management at national weather authorities, capacity building activities and an extension of the data bases with historical climate data.
H. Gregow, P. Poli, H. M. Mäkelä, K. Jylhä, A. K. Kaiser-Weiss, A. Obregon, D. G. H. Tan, S. Kekki, and F. Kaspar
Adv. Sci. Res., 12, 63–67, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-63-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-63-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Many users of climate information are unaware of the availability of reanalysis feedback data and input observations, and uptake of feedback data is rather low. The most important factors limiting the use of this data is that the users feel that there is no easy interface to get the data or they do not find it at all. The relevant communities should invest resources to develop tools and provide training to bridge the gap between current capabilities and comprehensive exploitation of the data.
F. Kaspar, B. Tinz, H. Mächel, and L. Gates
Adv. Sci. Res., 12, 57–61, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-57-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-57-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Germany’s national meteorological service (Deutscher Wetterdienst, DWD) houses in Offenbach and Hamburg huge archives of historical handwritten journals of weather observations. They comprise not only observations from Germany, but also of the oceans and land stations in many parts of the world. DWD works on the digitisation and quality control of these archives. The paper presents the current status.
F. Kaspar, K. Zimmermann, and C. Polte-Rudolf
Adv. Sci. Res., 11, 93–99, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-11-93-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-11-93-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
Plant phenology is the study of periodically recurring patterns of growth and development of plants during the year. First plant phenological observations have been performed in Germany already in the 18th century. Today, Germany’s national meteorological service (Deutscher Wetterdienst, DWD) maintains a dense phenological observation network and a database with phenological observations.
P. Reutter, J. Trentmann, A. Seifert, P. Neis, H. Su, D. Chang, M. Herzog, H. Wernli, M. O. Andreae, and U. Pöschl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7573–7583, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7573-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7573-2014, 2014
J. Peng, M. Borsche, Y. Liu, and A. Loew
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3913–3919, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3913-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3913-2013, 2013
F. Kaspar, G. Müller-Westermeier, E. Penda, H. Mächel, K. Zimmermann, A. Kaiser-Weiss, and T. Deutschländer
Adv. Sci. Res., 10, 99–106, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-10-99-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-10-99-2013, 2013
K.-G. Karlsson, A. Riihelä, R. Müller, J. F. Meirink, J. Sedlar, M. Stengel, M. Lockhoff, J. Trentmann, F. Kaspar, R. Hollmann, and E. Wolters
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5351–5367, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5351-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5351-2013, 2013
A. Riihelä, T. Manninen, V. Laine, K. Andersson, and F. Kaspar
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3743–3762, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3743-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3743-2013, 2013
Cited articles
Bollmeyer, C., Keller, J. D., Ohlwein, C., Wahl, S., Crewell, S.,
Friederichs, P., Hense, A., Keune, J., Kneifel, S., Pscheidt, I., Redl, S.,
and Steinke, S.: Towards a high-resolution regional reanalysis for the
European CORDEX domain, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 141, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2486, 2015.
Borsche, M., Kaiser-Weiss, A. K., and Kaspar, F.: Wind speed variability between 10 and 116 m height from the regional reanalysis COSMO-REA6 compared to wind mast measurements over Northern Germany and the Netherlands, Adv. Sci. Res., 13, 151–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-13-151-2016, 2016.
Bundesministerium für Justiz und Verbraucherschutz: Gesetz für den
Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien 2017, available at: https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/eeg_2014/__1.html (last access: 25 May 2019), 2017.
Child, M., Kemfert, C., Bogdanov, D., and Breyer, C.: Flexible electricity
generation, grid exchange and storage for the transition to a 100 %
renewable energy system in Europe, Renew. Energ., 139, 80–101,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.02.077, 2019.
Collins, S., Deane, P., Gallachóir B. Ó., Pfenninger, S., and
Staffell, I.: Impacts of Inter-annual Wind and Solar Variations on the
European Power System, Joule, 2, 2076–2090, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.06.020, 2018.
De Oliveira Costa Souza Rosa, C., Alonso Costa, K., Da Silva Christo, E.,
and Braga Bertahone, P.: Complementarity of Hydro, Photovoltaic, and Wind
Power in Rio de Janeiro State, Sustainability, 9, 1130,
https://doi.org/10.3390/su9071130, 2017.
Ding, L., Xinxin Xu, X., Jing Shuai, J., and Chuanmin Shuai, C.: How Solar
and Wind Powers can Complement Each Other in Spatial-Temporal Dimensions? –
An Empirical Study in China's Hubei Province, International Energy Journal,
17, 125–140, 2017.
DWD/HErZ (Deutscher Wetterdienst – Climate Data Center/Hans-Ertel Center for Weather Research): COSMO-REA6 regional reanalysis, available at: https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/REA, last access: 27 June 2019.
European Union, 2018: Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy
from renewable sources, Official Journal of the European Union, L 328, available at: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2018/2001/oj (last
access: 25 June 2019), 2018.
Fraunhofer IEE: Windmonitor, statistics on hub height in 2017, available at: http://windmonitor.iee.fraunhofer.de/windmonitor_de/3_Onshore/2_technik/4_anlagengroesse/, last access: 21 December 2018.
Gerhardt, N., Böttger, D., Trost, T., Scholz, A., Pape, C., Gerlach,
A.-K., Härtel, P., and Ganal, I.: Analyse eines europäischen
−95 %-Klimazielszenarios über mehrere Wetterjahre, Fraunhofer IWES,
Kassel, http://publica.fraunhofer.de/dokumente/N-439079.html (last
access: 25 June 2019),
2017.
Germer, S. and Kleidon, A.: Have wind turbines in Germany generated
electricity as would be expected from the prevailing wind conditions in
2000–2014?, PLoS ONE, 14, e0211028, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211028, 2019.
Graabak, I. and Korpås, M.: Balancing of variable wind and solar
production in Continental Europe with Nordic hydropower – A review of
simulation studies, Energy Procedia, 87, 91–99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.12.362, 2016a.
Graabak, I. and Korpås, M.: Variability Characteristics of European
Wind and Solar Power Resources – A Review, Energies, 9, 449, https://doi.org/10.3390/en9060449, 2016b.
Graabak, I., Jaehnert, S., Korpås, M., and Mo, B.: Norway as a Battery
for the Future European Power System – Impacts on the Hydropower System,
Energies, 10, 2054, https://doi.org/10.3390/en10122054, 2017.
Grams, C. M., Beerli, R., Pfenninger, S., Staffell, I., and Wernli, H.:
Balancing Europe's wind power output through spatial deployment informed by
weather regimes, Nat. Clim. Change, 7, 557–562, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3338, 2017.
Graul, C. and Popinga, C.: R-Package bReeze: Functions for Wind Resource
Assessment, version 0.4-2, 2018-01-05, 2018.
Heide, D., von Bremen, L., Greiner, M., Hoffmann, C., Speckmann, M., and
Bofinger, S.: Seasonal optimal mix of wind and solar power in a future,
highly renewable Europe, Renew. Energ., 35, 2483–2489, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2010.03.012, 2010.
Henckes, P., Knaut, A., Obermüller, F., and Frank, C.: The benefit of
long-term high resolution wind data for electricity system analysis, Energy,
143, 934–942, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.10.049,
2018.
Hoicka, C. E. and Rowlands, I. H.: Solar and wind resource complementarity:
Advancing options for renewable electricity integration in Ontario, Canada,
Renew. Energ., 36, 97–107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2010.06.004, 2011.
Huld, T. and Gracia Amillo, A. M.: Estimating PV Module Performance over
Large Geographical Regions: The Role of Irradiance, Air Temperature, Wind
Speed and Solar Spectrum, Energies, 8, 5159–5181, https://doi.org/10.3390/en8065159, 2015.
IEC Central Office: Photovoltaic Devices – Part 3: Measurement Principles
for Terrestrial Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Devices with Reference Spectral
Irradiance Data, Technical Report IEC 61215-3, International
Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, Switzerland, 2005.
Kaiser-Weiss, A. K., Kaspar, F., Heene, V., Borsche, M., Tan, D. G. H., Poli, P.,
Obregon, A., and Gregow, H.: Comparison of regional and global reanalysis near-surface
winds with station observations over Germany, Adv. Sci. Res., 12, 187–198, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-187-2015, 2015.
Kaiser-Weiss, A. K., Borsche, M., Niermann, D., Kaspar, F. Lussana, C.,
Isotta, F., van den Besselaar, E., van der Schrier, G., and Undén, P.:
Added value of regional reanalyses for climatological applications,
Environmental Research Communications, accepted, 2019.
Müller, R., Pfeifroth, U., Träger-Chatterjee, C., Trentmann, J., and
Cremer, R.: Digging the METEOSAT Treasure – 3 Decades of Solar Surface
Radiation, Remote Sens., 7, 8067–8101, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70608067, 2015.
Niermann, D., Borsche, M., Kaiser-Weiss, A., van den Besselaar, E., van der
Schrier, G., Cornes, R., de Vreede, E., Lussana, C., Tveito, O. E.,
Cantarello, L., Frei, C., Isotta, F., Davie, J., Bazil, E., and Bojariu, R.:
UERRA Deliverable 3.6.: Scientific report on assessment of regional analysis
against independent datasets, available at: http://www.uerra.eu/project-overview/all-deliverables.html (last
access: 25 June 2019), 2018.
Niermann, D., Borsche, M., Kaiser-Weiss, A. K., and Kaspar, F.: Evaluating
renewable energy relevant parameters of COSMO-REA6 by comparing against
station observations, satellites and other reanalyses, Meteorologische
Zeitschrift, in press, 2019.
Open Power System Data: Data Package Time series, Version 2018-03-13, available at:
https://data.open-power-system-data.org/time_series/2018-03-13/ (last
access: 25 June 2019), 2018.
Pfeifroth, U., Kothe, S., Müller, R., Trentmann, J., Hollmann, R.,
Fuchs, P., and Werscheck, M.: Surface Radiation Data Set – Heliosat (SARAH) –
Edition 2, Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring, https://doi.org/10.5676/EUM_SAF_CM/SARAH/V002, 2017.
Pfeifroth, U., Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., Manara, V., Trentmann, J., and Hollmann,
R.: Trends and variability of surface solar radiation in Europe based on
surface- and satellite-based data records, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 1735–1754, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027418, 2018.
Pfeifroth, U., Kothe, S., Trentmann, J., Hollmann, R., Fuchs, P., Kaiser,
J., and Werscheck, M.: Surface Radiation Data Set – Heliosat (SARAH) –
Edition 2.1, Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring,
https://doi.org/10.5676/EUM_SAF_CM/SARAH/V002_01, 2019.
Pfenninger, S.: Dealing with multiple decades of hourly wind and PV time
series in energy models: A comparison of methods to reduce time resolution
and the planning implications of inter-annual variability, Appl. Energ.,
197, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.03.051,
2017.
Pfenninger, S. and Staffell, I.: Long-term patterns of European PV output
using 30 years of validated hourly reanalysis and satellite data, Energy,
114, 1251–1265, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.08.060,
2016.
Pozo-Vazquez, D., Santos-Alamillos, F. J., Lara-Fanego, V., Ruiz-Arias, J. A., and
Tovar-Pescador, J.: The Impact of the NAO on the Solar and Wind Energy
Resources in the Mediterranean Area, in:
Hydrological, Socioeconomic and Ecological Impacts of the North Atlantic
Oscillation in the Mediterranean Region, Advances in Global Change Research, edited by: Vicente-Serrano, S. and Trigo, R.,
vol. 46, Springer, Dordrecht, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1372-7_15, 2011.
Quaschning, V.: Sektorkopplung durch die Energiewende: Anforderungen an den
Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien zum Erreichen der Pariser Klimaschutzziele
unter Berücksichtigung der Sektorkopplung, Hochschule für Technik
und Wirtschaft, HTW, Berlin, 38 pp., 2016.
Ramirez Camargo, L., Gruber, K., and Nitsch, F.: Assessing variables of regional
reanalysis data sets relevant for modelling small-scale renewable energy
systems, Renew. Energ., 133, 1468–1478, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.09.015, 2019.
Ryberg, D. S., Caglayan, D. G., Schmitt, S., Linßen, J., Stolten, D., and Robinius, M.: The Future of European Onshore Wind Energy Potential: Detailed Distribution and Simulation
of Advanced Turbine Designs, Energy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.06.052, in press, 2019.
Saint-Drenan, Y. M., Good, G. H., and Braun, M.: A probabilistic approach to
the estimation of regional photovoltaic power production, Sol. Energy,
147, 257–276, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.03.007, 2017.
Schraff, C. and Hess, R.: A description of the non-hydrostatic regional
model LM–Part III: Data assimilation, technical report, Deutscher
Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany, 48 pp., 2003.
Simmer, C., Adrian, G., Jones, S., Wirth, V., Göber, M., Hohenegger, C.,
Janjic, T., Keller, J., Ohlwein, C. , Seifert, A., Trömel, S., Ulbrich, T.,
Wapler, K., Weissmann, M., Keller, J., Masbou, M., Meilinger, S., Riß,
N., Schomburg, A., Vormann, A., and Weingärtner, C.: HErZ: The
German Hans-Ertel Centre for Weather Research, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 97, 1057–1068, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00227.1,
2016.
Sterl, S., Liersch, S., Koch, H., van Lipzig, N. P. M., and Thiery, W.: A new
approach for assessing synergies of solar and wind power: implications for
West Africa, Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 094009, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aad8f6, 2018.
Tafarte, P., Eichhorn, M., and Thrän, D.: Capacity Expansion Pathways
for a Wind and Solar Based Power Supply and the Impact of Advanced
Technology – A Case Study for Germany, Energies, 12, 324, https://doi.org/10.3390/en12020324, 2019.
Urraca, R., Gracia-Amillo, A. M., Koubli, E., Huld, T., Trentmann, J.,
Riihelä, A., Lindfors, A. V., Palmer, D., Gottschalg, R., and
Antonanzas-Torres, F.: Extensive validation of CM SAF surface radiation
products over Europe, Remote Sens. Environ., 199, 171–186,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.07.013, 2017.
Zerrahn, A., Schill, W.-P., and Kemfert, C.: On the economics of variable
renewable energy sources, electrical storage, and curtailment, Eur. Econ. Rev., 108, 259–279, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2018.07.004, 2018.
Short summary
In this study, we assess balancing effects between photovoltaics and wind energy. On average, the seasonal cycles complement each other in Germany as well as in Europe. The frequency of events with a risk of low electricity generation is analyzed. The results illustrate that the number of such events is reduced when offshore regions are included, or when a combined system of PV and wind energy is considered. A European-wide analysis also leads to a distinct reduction of such events.
In this study, we assess balancing effects between photovoltaics and wind energy. On average,...